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The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is a widely used in-situ geotechnical test conducted in a borehole to determine the relative density and strength of soil. It measures the resistance of soil to penetration of a split-spoon sampler driven by a standard hammer. Basic Concept A split spoon sampler is driven into soil Using a standard hammer (63.5 kg, 750 mm drop) Number of blows required for penetration is recorded This value is called the SPT N-value Purpose of SPT Test For Soil: Determine relative density (sand) Estimate consistency (clay) Evaluate shear strength Assess bearing capacity Engineering Applications Foundation design Pile design Settlement analysis Liquefaction analysis Soil classification
