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The Relative Density Test using Vibration Method is mainly used for cohesionless soils (sand) to determine how dense or loose the soil is in its natural state. Sand can be packed: • Loosely → minimum density • Densely (by vibration) → maximum density Relative density tells how close natural soil is to the densest possible state. Applications • Design of foundations on sandy soil • Compaction control in construction • Liquefaction studies • Earthquake engineering • Road and embankment construction Important Points • Used only for cohesionless soils • Vibration gives maximum density • Higher Dr → denser & stronger soil • Lower Dr → loose & weak soil
