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Field Density Test is conducted to determine the in-situ density of soil at the site and to assess the degree of compaction achieved during earthwork. This test is essential to verify whether the soil has been compacted as per the specified requirements. The test is commonly performed using methods such as the sand replacement method or the core cutter method, in accordance with IS 2720 (Part 28) and IS 2720 (Part 29). In this test, a small pit is excavated at the test location, and the excavated soil is collected and weighed. The volume of the pit is determined either by: • filling with calibrated sand (sand replacement method), or • extracting a soil core of known volume (core cutter method). The moisture content of the soil is determined separately. Using these values, the bulk density and dry density of the soil are calculated. The obtained dry density is compared with the Maximum Dry Density (MDD) from laboratory compaction tests to determine the degree of compaction achieved in the field. This test is widely used in construction of roads, embankments, foundations, and earth fills to ensure proper compaction and stability of soil.
